Perk test, septic vs sewer and leach field

   Depending on the location of the lot, it may be required to have a sewer service, a septic system, or you may have the option of using either one. Which type of system will depend largely on if sewer is available at or near the lot, and on local ordinances. If there is an option, it’s very important to weigh the pros and cons of either system, including costs, maintenance, installation, tap fees or hook up costs of each, and so on, and what will best fit your needs and plans. Don’t assume that because the guy next door to a lot you’re looking at has sewer that your lot will too. Never assume anything. Check it out.

Perk Test or Soil Analysis

   The term “perk” or “perc” is shorthand for “Percolation Test.” On a lot that warrants the use of a septic system, you’ll probably need to have a percolation (perk) test preformed. This is simply testing the soil to see if it meets the requirements for a septic waste disposal system. The test may consist of digging a small soil sample from a few feet down into the ground. The local authority in charge of these things, typically the health department or utility department, will examine the soil to see if it’s suitable for the future septic system’s needs. If the lot “fails” the perk test, one of a couple things can happen. If it’s a large lot, another area of the land may be tested, and if that area passes, then the septic system would use that area. If the lot just won’t perk, then a special or engineered system may be needed.

   It’s essential you get on of these tests preformed before purchasing a lot. Do not assume it will be fine and wind up buying a lot, only to realize that you’ll need a very expensive septic system because the soil won’t pass an analysis test. Do not assume that because the land to the left and right of a home site you’re looking at passed the perk or soil analysis tests that your lot will. Soil composition and quality is wildly inconsistent in some areas and can change within very short distances. Do not assume, get concrete proof before you get yourself into a potentially bad and expensive situation.

Leach or Drain Field

   Also known as a drainage field, this is the portion of a septic system that releases, or drains the treated water back into the ground. The size and design of the drainage field will be determined by the engineer who draws up the Septic Plan. This can be an important factor in selecting a lot, because you can’t build over the drain field! So, its area will further reduce your usable building envelope. Your local municipality will have rules as to how large your septic tank has to be, the size of the drain field, and any additional area you have to set aside for the system. If you are looking at land in the vicinity of a water source, wetlands or other protected asset there may be additional requirements (aka. more expensive) for a septic system.